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| | <font size="5">'''Convivial Tools Database'''</font><br> | | <font size="5">'''Convivial Tools Database'''</font><br> |
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| − | This website is a database about people, projects, concepts and websites related to [[Convivial Tools]]. It is a work in progress, and some sections are more complete than others. | + | This website is a database about people, things, concepts and movements related to [[Convivial Tools]]. [[Ivan Illich]] coined the term [[Convivial Tools]] in his 1973 book [[Tools for Conviviality]]. Convivial Tools can be defined as tools which allow the user to operate with independent efficiency. |
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| − | For information about the site itself, see [[About this Site]] and [[Road Maps]]. For a site map, see the list of [[Main Categories]], or go to [[:Category:Root]]. See also the companion websites the<br> [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia] and the [http://toolswiki.ouvaton.org Wikis Database].
| + | This database website is a companion to the [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org conviviality.ouvaton.org] website, which remains my main showcase on the subject of Convivial Tools. The present website is a grab-bag of more hastily-written or less directly relevant pages. Some articles on the present website were copied over from that other website (they are tagged as [[:Category:Copied from conviviality.ouvaton.org]]), which seems a bad idea, since any modifications to one copy should then also be made to the other. |
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| − | ==[[:Category:Convivial Tools]] as defined by Ivan Illich== | + | ==The Convivial Tool== |
| − | [[Ivan Illich]] coined the term [[Convivial Tools]] in his 1973 book [[Tools for Conviviality]]. [[Convivial Tools]] can be defined as tools which allow the user to operate with independent efficiency. [[Convivial Tools]] are generally developed and maintained by a community of users, as for example an on-line community. In his earlier book [[Deschooling Society]], Illich proposed the development of computerized "learning webs," at a time before the Internet existed. His subsequent book [[Tools for Conviviality]] influenced members of the 1970s [[Hacker Generation]] who developed the first personal computer. One of these was inventor [[Lee Felsenstein]], who adopted Illich's vision of tools that would be developed and maintained by a community of users. This vision of community tool development is embodied in more recent movements such as [[Free and Open Source Software]], [[Wiki]]s, [[Open Design]] and the whole of [[Web 2.0]].
| + | This part of the website seeks to describe the [[Convivial Tool]] as a possible object of design and marketing. See the following categories and pages: |
| | + | *[[:Category:Convivial Design]]: characteristics of the convivial tool |
| | + | **Introductory page: [[Convivial Tool Characteristics]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Convivial Product]]: production and marketing of the convivial tool |
| | + | **Introductory page: [[Convivial Product]] |
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| − | ==[[:Category:Historical Roots]] of Convivial Tools== | + | ==Thematic Topics== |
| − | The ideas put developed by [[Ivan Illich]] in [[Tools for Conviviality]] follow on a long tradition of criticism of industrial technology and of search for viable alternatives. The [[Historical Roots]] of the idea of [[Convivial Tools]] extend back to the eighteenth century French Enlightenment and the philosophy of [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]. Twentieth-century precursers include philosophers such as [[Lewis Mumford]] and [[Jacques Ellul]], and counter-culture movements such as [[Whole Earth]] and [[Appropriate Technology]].
| + | This part of the website situates Convivial Tools within the broader frameworks of alternative technology and social change. See the page [[Thematic Topics]] for a more detailed summary. The main thematic topics are listed below in approximate order of their chronological development: |
| | + | *[[:Category:Historical Roots]] of the ideas behind Convivial Tools - see the introductory article [[Historical Roots Narrative]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Post-War Cybernetics]] - see the introductory article [[Post-War Cybernetics]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Sixties Counterculture]] - see the introductory article [[Sixties Counterculture]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Whole Earth]] - see the introductory article [[Whole Earth]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Appropriate Technology]] - see the introductory article [[Appropriate Technology]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Ivan Illich]] - see the introductory article [[Ivan Illich]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Convivial Education]] - this category needs to be added, since much work has been done on Convivial Tools for educational purposes |
| | + | *[[:Category:Hacker Generation]] and the invention of the personal computer - see the introductory article [[Hacker Generation]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Postmodernism]] - see the introductory article [[Postmodernism]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Web]]: the web as convivial technology - see the introductory article [[The Web]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:FOSS]] - see the introductory article [[Free and Open Source Software]] |
| | + | *[[:Category:Open Source]] as a broad movement - see the introductory article [[Open Source]] |
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| − | ==[[:Category:Post-War Cybernetics]]==
| + | The scope of these thematic topics is too wide. Some of the pages have been transferred or copied into my tentative (and very incomplete) [http://interdb.org Internet Database] and [http://iuserguide.com Internet User Guide] websites. Detailed pages on [[wiki]]s have been transferred to my [http://toolswiki.ouvaton.org Wiki History Database]. |
| − | During and after the Second World War, emerging tendencies in scientific thought coalesced into a new field which [[Norbert Wiener]] called [[Cybernetics]], formed at the crossroads of computer science, electrical engineering, biology and social science. [[Post-War Cybernetics]] exercised a major influence on thinking about society, information, the environment and the use of computers. The concepts of [[Cybernetics]] were taken up by the [[Whole Earth]] movement, and the arrival of Internet spawned derivative terms such as [[Cyberspace]] and [[Cybernaut]].
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| − | ==[[:Category:Whole Earth]] Movement== | + | ==About this website== |
| − | The [[Whole Earth]] movement began with the publication of the first [[Whole Earth Catalog]] by [[Stewart Brand]] in 1968. The [[Whole Earth Catalog]], which appeared regularly until 1972 and periodically thereafter, served as the center of an informal community of users and contributors. Due to their interest in [[Cybernetics]], the [[Whole Earth]] community spawned influential network-based spin-offs, such as the Internet community called the [[WELL]] and the cyber-magazine [[Wired]].
| + | [[User:Michael|Michael Slattery]] created and maintains this site. |
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| − | ==[[:Category:Appropriate Technology]]==
| + | The website is a structured collection of pages grouped into [[Special:Categories|categories]]. (Note that a page can belong to several categories, and that a category can be nested within others.) All categories are attached, directly or indirectly, to [[:Category:Root]]. Links to pages or categories that have yet to be created appear as [[red links]]. For a look behind the scenes, see [[:Category:Scaffolding]]. |
| − | [[Appropriate Technology]] was first introduced as [[Intermediate Technology]] in the mid-nineteen-sixties by [[E.F. Schumacher]], who is best-known for his book [[Small is Beautiful]]. | + | |
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| − | ==[[:Category:Hacker Generation]]==
| + | Is this Website a Wiki? The website operates under [[MediaWiki]] software, and thus has the potential to be a [[Wiki]]. However, to prevent spam, the site is currently configured so that only I can edit pages. |
| − | The [[Hacker Generation]] of the late 1970s was formed by the individuals and communities that created the hardware and software of the personal computer. It includes people such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], who created the [[Apple Computer]], and [[Lee Felsenstein]], an electronic engineer who along with Wozniak and Jobs was a member of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]].
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| − | ==[[:Category:Cyberspace]]==
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| − | The emergence of the Internet lead to the development of a new culture shared by the denizens of [[Cyberspace]], which became mainstream with the development of the [[World Wide Web]] in the early 1990s.
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| − | ==[[:Category:FOSS]] - Free and Open Source Software==
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| − | [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) is a comprehensive term encompassing both the [[Free Software]] and [[Open Source Software]] movements. The [[Free Software]] movement was created in the early 1980s by [[Richard Stallman]], a member of the [[Hacker Generation]]. It went mainstream when the offshoot [[Open Source Software]] was formulated nearly two decades later by a group that formed around [[Eric S. Raymond]].
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| − | ==[[:Category:Open Source]] Culture==
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| − | The new licences developed by the [[Free and Open Source Software]] movement inspired interest in the use of [[Open Source]] licenses in all fields of creative activity.
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| − | ==[[:Category:Open Design]]==
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| − | [[Open Design]] is the application of the principles of [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) to the design of physical objects such as machines and computer hardware. Open Design is a general term covering a number of specific [[Open Source]] movements, such as the [[Open Source Hardware]] movement for Open Design of microcomputer chips, and the [[Open Source Tool Design]] movement which concerns primarily the Open Design of machines.
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| − | ==[[:Category:Convivial Product]] Design and Marketing==
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| − | The [[Convivial Product]] is a [[Convivial Tool]] offered for public use. The [[Convivial Product]] is a vision what the [[Convivial Tool]] can and should be.
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| − | ==[[:Category:Convivial Websites]]==
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| − | [[Convivial Websites]] are those which demonstrate the characteristics of the [[Convivial Product]], including notably [[Review Sites]], [[How-to Websites]], and other useful websites. Other types of Convivial Websites include [[wiki]] website and [[Social Software]] sites (see [[Web 2.0]].
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| − | ==[[:Category:Web 2.0]]==
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| − | The Internet has evolved rapidly since the birth of the original [[WorldWideWeb]] in the early 1990s, and has reached a stage that [[]] has called [[Web 2.0]], characterized notably by [[Social Software]] and [[Massively Distributed Collaboration]].
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| − | ==Is this Website a [[Wiki]]?==
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| − | This website operates under [[MediaWiki]] software and thus has the potential to be a [[Wiki]]. However, the site is configured to require users to create an account before they can edit articles. In addition, to avoid continual hassles with spammers, the site is configured so that only WikiSysop can create new accounts. The site thus currently operates as the single-handed creation of one person. However, the companion website the [http://ctwiki.ouvaton.org Convivial Projects Wiki] is a true [[Wiki]], although for the moment it seems to have only a single user....
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| − | *[[Main Page Backup]] | + | *The companion website, [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org conviviality.ouvaton.org], my main showcase about Convivial Tools. |
| | + | *[[:Category:Cooperation]]: a site-within-the-site, the beginning of what could be a separate project on the subject of Cooperation |
