Difference between revisions of "Thematic Topics"
From Convivial Tools Database
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| + | The following thematic topics are all related to the general subject of [[Convivial Tools]]. They are presented in approximate chronological order according to their dates of emergence. (For example, Post-War Cybernetics developed in the nineteen-forties and fifties, the Whole Earth and Alternative Technology movements appeared in the sixties, Ivan Illich's seminal works were published in the seventies, and so on.) | ||
==[[:Category:Historical Roots]]== | ==[[:Category:Historical Roots]]== | ||
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==[[:Category:Post-War Cybernetics]]== | ==[[:Category:Post-War Cybernetics]]== | ||
During and after the Second World War, emerging tendencies in scientific thought coalesced into a new field which [[Norbert Wiener]] called [[Cybernetics]], formed at the crossroads of computer science, electrical engineering, biology and social science. [[Post-War Cybernetics]] exercised a major influence on thinking about society, information, the environment and the use of computers. The concepts of [[Cybernetics]] were taken up by the [[Whole Earth]] movement. More recently, the arrival of the Internet spawned derivative terms such as [[Cyberspace]] and [[Cybernaut]]. | During and after the Second World War, emerging tendencies in scientific thought coalesced into a new field which [[Norbert Wiener]] called [[Cybernetics]], formed at the crossroads of computer science, electrical engineering, biology and social science. [[Post-War Cybernetics]] exercised a major influence on thinking about society, information, the environment and the use of computers. The concepts of [[Cybernetics]] were taken up by the [[Whole Earth]] movement. More recently, the arrival of the Internet spawned derivative terms such as [[Cyberspace]] and [[Cybernaut]]. | ||
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| + | ==[[:Category:Sixties Counterculture]]== | ||
| + | The [[Sixties Counterculture]] laid the foundations for most of the mouvements described hereafter. (To be continued...) | ||
==[[:Category:Whole Earth]]== | ==[[:Category:Whole Earth]]== | ||
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The [[Hacker Generation]] of the late 1970s was formed by the individuals and communities that created the hardware and software of the personal computer. It includes people such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], who created the [[Apple Computer]], and [[Lee Felsenstein]], an electronic engineer who along with Wozniak and Jobs was a member of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]]. | The [[Hacker Generation]] of the late 1970s was formed by the individuals and communities that created the hardware and software of the personal computer. It includes people such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], who created the [[Apple Computer]], and [[Lee Felsenstein]], an electronic engineer who along with Wozniak and Jobs was a member of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]]. | ||
| − | ==[[:Category: | + | ==[[:Category:Postmodernism]]== |
| + | While the term [[Postmodernism]] was first coined around the 1870s, it only came to wide public attention with the rise of [[Postmodern Architecture]] in the lat 1970s. (To be continued...) | ||
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| + | ==[[:Category:Web]]== | ||
The emergence of the Internet lead to the development of a new culture shared by the denizens of [[Cyberspace]], which became mainstream with the development of the [[World Wide Web]] in the early 1990s. | The emergence of the Internet lead to the development of a new culture shared by the denizens of [[Cyberspace]], which became mainstream with the development of the [[World Wide Web]] in the early 1990s. | ||
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[[Convivial Websites]] are those which demonstrate the characteristics of the [[Convivial Product]]. They may notably include [[Review Sites]], [[How-to Websites]], and other useful websites. Other types of [[Convivial Websites]] include [[wiki]] websites and [[Social Software]] sites (see [[Web 2.0]]). | [[Convivial Websites]] are those which demonstrate the characteristics of the [[Convivial Product]]. They may notably include [[Review Sites]], [[How-to Websites]], and other useful websites. Other types of [[Convivial Websites]] include [[wiki]] websites and [[Social Software]] sites (see [[Web 2.0]]). | ||
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The Internet has evolved rapidly since the birth of the original [[World Wide Web]] in the early 1990s. It has reached a stage that [[Tim O'Reilly]] has called [[Web 2.0]], characterized notably by such phenomena as [[Social Software]], [[Virtual Worlds]] and [[Massively Distributed Collaboration]]. | The Internet has evolved rapidly since the birth of the original [[World Wide Web]] in the early 1990s. It has reached a stage that [[Tim O'Reilly]] has called [[Web 2.0]], characterized notably by such phenomena as [[Social Software]], [[Virtual Worlds]] and [[Massively Distributed Collaboration]]. | ||
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What is the web evolving towards? Some say that [[Web 3.0]] will be a [[Semantic Web]], providing machine-facilitated understanding of information to help users perform more productive [[Data Mining]] for their own personal profit. | What is the web evolving towards? Some say that [[Web 3.0]] will be a [[Semantic Web]], providing machine-facilitated understanding of information to help users perform more productive [[Data Mining]] for their own personal profit. | ||
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| + | ==[[:Category:FOSS]] - Free and Open Source Software== | ||
| + | [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) is a comprehensive term encompassing both the [[Free Software]] and [[Open Source Software]] movements. The [[Free Software]] movement was created in the early 1980s by [[Richard Stallman]], a member of the [[Hacker Generation]]. It went mainstream when the offshoot [[Open Source Software]] was formulated nearly two decades later by a group that formed around [[Eric S. Raymond]]. | ||
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| + | ==[[:Category:Open Source]]== | ||
| + | The new licences developed by the [[Free and Open Source Software]] movement inspired interest in the use of [[Open Source]] licenses in all fields of creative activity. (See also [[Gift Economics]].) | ||
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| + | Under Open Source, see also [[:Category:Open Design]]. [[Open Design]] is the application of the principles of [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) to the design of physical objects such as machines and computer hardware. Open Design is a general term covering a number of specific [[Open Source]] movements, such as the [[Open Source Hardware]] movement for Open Design of microcomputer chips, and the [[Open Source Tool Design]] movement which concerns primarily the Open Design of machines. | ||
[[Category:Root]] | [[Category:Root]] | ||
